4 Common Types of Ovarian Cysts
Ovarian cysts are common among many women of childbearing age. A good number of cysts do not exhibit symptoms and heal without treatment. Yet, other types can cause significant complications that call for management and treatment. For instance, ruptured cysts almost always cause abdominal or pelvic pain.
Below are four common types of ovarian cysts.
1. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
PCOS is one of the main causes of infertility among women of childbearing age. Poly means many, so many small cysts in your ovaries may characterize PCOS. However, not all women with PCOS develop cysts.
The leading cause of PCOS is hormonal imbalances, specifically the overproduction of androgen. Women usually produce lower levels of androgens. So, an increased amount stops ovulation or causes irregular periods. Symptoms of PCOS include:
- Excess growth of hair on your body and face
- Darker skin in body folds
- A thinner scalp
Nonetheless, you may not experience any symptoms, so you will not always discover that you are affected. Often, you get a diagnosis when a significant occurrence like difficulty in conceiving happens. Finally, untreated PCOS predisposes you to serious health complications such as heart disease, stroke and diabetes, and endometrial cancer, so monitor the condition closely.
2. Functional Cysts
Functional cysts develop when a fault occurs during the egg-release process. Each month at ovulation, a sac called a dominant follicle releases an egg. In some cases, the sac does not release the egg and instead fills with liquid to form a follicular cyst. These cysts are also prevalent among women under infertility treatments.
In other cases, your sac releases the egg and a corpus luteum cyst is formed. The corpus luteum cyst produces progesterone allowing the uterus to support a fertilized egg. The cyst usually goes away at approximately 12 weeks gestation. If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum usually resolves within two weeks to 3 months. Many functional cysts heal without treatment, and you may not even realize you have one. Nonetheless, if the cyst grows large, you can experience different signs and symptoms. These include abdominal pain, pelvic pain, and discomfort during sexual intimacy.
3. Endometriomas
About 17–44% of women diagnosed with endometriosis have endometriomas. Endometriomas or chocolate cysts occur when the endometrial tissue grows onto your ovaries. You may or may not experience signs of endometriomas. However, the symptoms will often be the same as those of endometriosis including:
- Pelvic pain
- Painful intercourse
- Pain around the time of menses
- Back pain
- Pain with bowel movements
- Painful urination
- Infertility
Researchers attribute endometriomas to an autoimmune response or retrograde menstruation. The autoimmune response happens when the normal period of endometrial tissue causes an inflammatory reaction. As a result, your pelvis scars or suffers damage. Retrograde menstruation occurs when some menstrual blood flows back to your body instead of outside through the birth canal.
4. Dermoid Cysts
Cells that form the ova also make different tissues and can sometimes create an ovarian cyst. Dermoid cysts mainly occur in one ovary, but 10% of the reported cases affect both ovaries. Other than the germ cells, genetic inheritance is also a cause of dermoid cysts. Since they originate from cells with the potential to form different tissue, dermoid cysts often contain skin, hair, teeth, skin and cartilage.
Symptoms of dermoid cysts are pressure in the pelvis, nausea, and painful urination. In extreme cases, health complications such as torsion — when the cyst twists along an axis — and infection could also arise. Whereas many females do not experience any signs, a large dermoid cyst causes pain and, in extreme cases, calls for surgery.
Ovarian cysts differ in size, nature, symptoms, and severity. Thus, your first line of defense is early diagnosis and treatment. Often, managment involves observation, medication or surgery. For early diagnosis and treatment of an ovarian cyst, do not hesitate to contact us at FemmeWell. We guarantee excellent medical care.


